Day40

Day 40: Image Manipulations

Instructions:

1. Open a new python file.
2. The Pillow package adds substantial functionality for python image manipulations. It enables python to create valuable applications, like creating a collage (as seen in this exercise) or automatically adding a logo or watermark to a collection of images.
3. The .open() function is used to open the image as a pillow image object. Attributes of the image can be called using various variables, such as .size, .filename, .format, and .format_description.

   oldest = Image.open("oldest.jpg")
   width, height = oldest.size
   print(f"Filename: {oldest.filename}\nFormat: {oldest.format}\nFormat Description: {oldest.format_description}\n"
         f"Size: {width}x{height}")
   

4. The .open() function is used to open the image as a pillow image object. Attributes of the image can be called using various variables, such as .size, .filename, .format, and .format_description.

   import os
   from PIL import Image
   
   os.chdir(".\\images")
   
   oldest = Image.open("oldest.jpg")
   width, height = oldest.size
   print(f"Filename: {oldest.filename}\nFormat: {oldest.format}\nFormat Description: {oldest.format_description}\n"
         f"Size: {width}x{height}")
   

5. With a file open, the .crop() function can be utilized to crop the image. The function takes a tuple input with the format (left, upper, right, lower) for the numerical pixel coordinates. The numerical pixel locations can be used, but the function also allows the coordinates to be determined using formulas. The cropped image can then be saved with the .save() function. The output format does not need to match the input format.

   middlest = Image.open("middlest.png")
   cropped = middlest.crop((115, 5, 385, 275))
   cropped.save("middlest_cropped.png")
   
   segment = (width - height) / 2
   cropped = oldest.crop((segment, 0, width - segment, 270))
   cropped.save("oldest_cropped.png")
   
   old_crop = Image.open("oldest_cropped.png")
   width, height = old_crop.size
   print(f"Filename: {old_crop.filename}\nFormat: {old_crop.format}\nFormat Description: {old_crop.format_description}\n"
         f"Size: {width}x{height}")
   

6. Apart from cropping an image, the .resize() function is used to first change the canvas size before conducting the .crop() function. This function only accepts integer tuples for the new width and height values. Using formulas to alter the size allows the image to retain the same aspect ratio.

   sweetbaby = Image.open("sweetbaby.jpg")
   width, height = sweetbaby.size
   resized = sweetbaby.resize((int(width / 1.3), int(height / 1.3)))
   cropped = resized.crop((222, 100, 762, 370))
   cropped.save("sweetbaby_cropped.png")
   

7. The .new() function creates a new canvas with a specific color mode (RGBA) and tuple size (540x540). Image objects can then be added to the canvas using the .paste() function. This takes the image object and a tuple location, (left, top), as inputs. The resulting image object can then be saved as the final collage.

   oldest = Image.open("oldest_cropped.png")
   middlest = Image.open("middlest_cropped.png")
   sweetbaby = Image.open("sweetbaby_cropped.png")
   
   mbmbam = Image.new("RGBA", (540, 540))
   mbmbam.paste(oldest, (0, 0))
   mbmbam.paste(middlest, (271, 0))
   mbmbam.paste(sweetbaby, (0, 271))
   mbmbam.save("mbmbam.png")
   

8. The Pillow package also contains a .convert() function which can be utilized to quickly change an image from color to greyscale.

   greyscale = mbmbam.convert(mode="L")
   greyscale.save("mbmbam_bw.png")
   

9. Update the log file with what you have learned today.