From a9ac7bc05f1eba12a1c9735dcb3f07f47753880a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2024 21:29:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/27] [WIP] ConnMan

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 andes/core/connman.py

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..063b4ba15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""
+Module for Connectivity Manager.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConnMan:
+    """
+    Define a Connectivity Manager class for System
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, system=None):
+        """
+        Initialize the connectivity manager.
+
+        system: system object
+        """
+        self.system = system
+
+    def _act(self):
+        """
+        Update the connectivity.
+        """
+        if True:
+            self._disconnect()
+        else:
+            self._connect()
+        self.system.connectivity(info=True)
+        return None
+
+    def _disconnect(self):
+        """
+        Disconnect involved devices.
+        """
+        pass
+        
+    def _connect(self):
+        """
+        Connect involved devices.
+        """
+        pass

From 508fc8ee477f05847abcd18a16b0a1f7840d84ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Oct 2024 12:39:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/27] [WIP] ConnMan

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 063b4ba15..56c91b69d 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -19,11 +19,16 @@ def __init__(self, system=None):
         system: system object
         """
         self.system = system
+        self.busu0 = system.Bus.u.v.copy()  # a copy of Bus.u.v for internal use
 
-    def _act(self):
+    def act(self):
         """
         Update the connectivity.
         """
+        if not self.is_act:
+            logger.debug('Connectivity is not need to be updated.')
+            return None
+
         if True:
             self._disconnect()
         else:

From d4b81a14f65b4b15c1d019615321dc38bd1147fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Oct 2024 14:09:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/27] Add a case for ConnMan testing purpose

---
 andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx | Bin 0 -> 25531 bytes
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx

diff --git a/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx b/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7d073a21692059945434ad1c2b808e08c610e99
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HcmV?d00001


From 8b4added3ab23425dee9ecd4ea081f4a05b5869a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Oct 2024 14:09:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/27] [WIP] ConnMan

---
 andes/core/__init__.py |  1 +
 andes/core/connman.py  | 36 +++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 andes/system.py        |  6 +++++-
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/__init__.py b/andes/core/__init__.py
index e4155d027..45c67c388 100644
--- a/andes/core/__init__.py
+++ b/andes/core/__init__.py
@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@
 from andes.core.var import (Algeb, BaseVar, ExtAlgeb, ExtState, ExtVar,  # NOQA
                             State,)
 from andes.core.symprocessor import SymProcessor  # NOQA
+from andes.core.connman import ConnMan  # NOQA
diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 56c91b69d..e06d898a4 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -19,7 +19,22 @@ def __init__(self, system=None):
         system: system object
         """
         self.system = system
-        self.busu0 = system.Bus.u.v.copy()  # a copy of Bus.u.v for internal use
+        self.busu0 = None           # placeholder for Bus.u.v
+        self.is_act = False         # flag for act, True to act
+
+    def init(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the connectivity.
+        """
+        self.busu0 = self.system.Bus.u.v.copy()
+        return None
+
+    def record(self):
+        """
+        Record the bus connectivity in-place.
+        """
+        self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u
+        return None
 
     def act(self):
         """
@@ -29,21 +44,8 @@ def act(self):
             logger.debug('Connectivity is not need to be updated.')
             return None
 
-        if True:
-            self._disconnect()
-        else:
-            self._connect()
+        # --- action ---
+        pass
+
         self.system.connectivity(info=True)
         return None
-
-    def _disconnect(self):
-        """
-        Disconnect involved devices.
-        """
-        pass
-        
-    def _connect(self):
-        """
-        Connect involved devices.
-        """
-        pass
diff --git a/andes/system.py b/andes/system.py
index 2497fc1a6..00682baac 100644
--- a/andes/system.py
+++ b/andes/system.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import andes.io
-from andes.core import AntiWindup, Config, Model
+from andes.core import AntiWindup, Config, Model, ConnMan
 from andes.io.streaming import Streaming
 from andes.models import file_classes
 from andes.models.group import GroupBase
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ def __init__(self,
         self.files = FileMan(case=case, **self.options)    # file path manager
         self.dae = DAE(system=self)                        # numerical DAE storage
         self.streaming = Streaming(self)                   # Dime2 streaming
+        self.conn = ConnMan(system=self)                   # connectivity manager
 
         # dynamic imports of groups, models and routines
         self.import_groups()
@@ -488,6 +489,9 @@ def setup(self):
         self.store_sparse_pattern(self.exist.pflow)
         self.store_adder_setter(self.exist.pflow)
 
+        # init connectivity manager
+        self.conn.init()
+
         if ret is True:
             self.is_setup = True  # set `is_setup` if no error occurred
         else:

From 7e330c27b9f0abd45c9e4dc12108c41a76959fd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 16:07:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/27] Add a wrapper to check_conn before a routine init

---
 andes/routines/base.py  | 11 +++++++++++
 andes/routines/pflow.py |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/andes/routines/base.py b/andes/routines/base.py
index d27f0d942..c716417e9 100644
--- a/andes/routines/base.py
+++ b/andes/routines/base.py
@@ -7,6 +7,17 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 
+def check_conn(func):
+    """
+    Wrapper function to check connectivity.
+    """
+
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.system.conn.act()
+        return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+
 class BaseRoutine:
     """
     Base routine class.
diff --git a/andes/routines/pflow.py b/andes/routines/pflow.py
index 54d01c974..c85f7f23d 100644
--- a/andes/routines/pflow.py
+++ b/andes/routines/pflow.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 from andes.utils.misc import elapsed
-from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine
+from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine, check_conn
 from andes.variables.report import Report
 from andes.shared import np, matrix, sparse, newton_krylov
 
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
         self.x_sol = None
         self.y_sol = None
 
+    @check_conn
     def init(self):
         """
         Initialize variables for power flow.

From fccff4319c6bdfc7424835d19e8cb44bed402977 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 16:08:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/27] Add a ieee14 case for ConnMan debugging

---
 andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx | Bin 25531 -> 25516 bytes
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx b/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx
index a7d073a21692059945434ad1c2b808e08c610e99..ecc2b9b4eef94741b30735f597f64147dd84c319 100644
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From 413ead0f3e60a570f1ffbd0de50304f890488efc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 16:08:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/27] Draft an implementation of ConnMan

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 100 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 92 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index e06d898a4..2cf2b70e3 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -3,49 +3,133 @@
 """
 
 import logging
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from andes.utils.func import list_flatten
+from andes.shared import np
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# connectivity dependencies for each model
+# TODO: this is not an exhaustive list
+# TODO: DC Topologies are not included yet
+bus_deps = OrderedDict([
+    ('ACLine', ['bus1', 'bus2']),
+    ('ACShort', ['bus1', 'bus2']),
+    ('FreqMeasurement', ['bus']),
+    ('Interface', ['bus']),
+    ('Motor', ['bus']),
+    ('PhasorMeasurement', ['bus']),
+    ('StaticACDC', ['bus']),
+    ('StaticGen', ['bus']),
+    ('StaticLoad', ['bus']),
+    ('StaticShunt', ['bus']),
+])
+
+
 class ConnMan:
     """
-    Define a Connectivity Manager class for System
+    Define a Connectivity Manager class for System.
+
+    Connectivity Manager is used to automatically **turn off**
+    attached devices when a `Bus` is turned off.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    system: system object
+        System object to manage the connectivity.
+    busu0: ndarray
+        Last recorded bus connection status.
+    is_changed: bool
+        Flag to indicate if bus connectivity is changed.
+    changes: dict
+        Dictionary to record bus connectivity changes ('on' and 'off').
     """
 
     def __init__(self, system=None):
         """
         Initialize the connectivity manager.
 
+        Parameters
+        ----------
         system: system object
+            System object to manage the connectivity.
         """
         self.system = system
         self.busu0 = None           # placeholder for Bus.u.v
-        self.is_act = False         # flag for act, True to act
+        self.is_changed = False     # flag to indicate if bus connectivity is changed
+        self.changes = {'on': None, 'off': None}    # dict of bus connectivity changes
 
     def init(self):
         """
         Initialize the connectivity.
+
+        `ConnMan` is initialized in `System.setup()`, where all buses are considered online
+        by default. This method records the initial bus connectivity.
         """
-        self.busu0 = self.system.Bus.u.v.copy()
-        return None
+        self.busu0 = np.ones(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
+        # NOTE: 'on' means the bus is previous offline and now online
+        #       'off' means the bus is previous online and now offline
+        #       The bool value for each bus indicates if the bus is 'on' or 'off'
+        self.changes['on'] = np.zeros(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
+        self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
+
+        if np.any(self.changes['off']):
+            self.is_changed = True
+        return self.changes
 
     def record(self):
         """
         Record the bus connectivity in-place.
+
+        This method should be called if `Bus.set()` or `Bus.alter()` is called.
         """
-        self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u
-        return None
+        self.changes['on'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 0, self.system.Bus.u.v == 1)
+        self.changes['off'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
+
+        if np.any(self.changes['on']):
+            onbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["on"])[0]]
+            logger.warning(f'Bus turned on: {onbus_idx}')
+
+        if np.any(self.changes['off']):
+            offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
+            logger.warning(f'Bus turned off: {offbus_idx}')
+
+        # update busu0
+        self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u.v
+        return self.changes
 
     def act(self):
         """
         Update the connectivity.
         """
-        if not self.is_act:
+        if not self.is_changed:
             logger.debug('Connectivity is not need to be updated.')
             return None
 
         # --- action ---
-        pass
+        logger.warning('Entering connectivity update.')
+
+        offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
+        for grp_name, src_list in bus_deps.items():
+            devices = []
+            for src in src_list:
+                grp_devs = self.system.__dict__[grp_name].find_idx(keys=src, values=offbus_idx,
+                                                                   allow_none=True, allow_all=True,
+                                                                   default=None)
+                grp_devs_flat = list_flatten(grp_devs)
+                if grp_devs_flat != [None]:
+                    devices.append(grp_devs_flat)
+
+            devices_flat = list_flatten(devices)
+
+            if len(devices_flat) > 0:
+                self.system.__dict__[grp_name].set(src='u', attr='v',
+                                                idx=devices_flat, value=0)
+                logger.warning(f'In <{grp_name}>, turn off {devices_flat}')
+
+        self.is_changed = False     # reset the action flag
 
         self.system.connectivity(info=True)
         return None

From c3475d81f32a4ade5bdd9dc853d10171053b13fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 16:46:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/27] Rename wrapper check_conn as check_conn_before_init

---
 andes/routines/base.py  | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 andes/routines/eig.py   |  3 ++-
 andes/routines/pflow.py |  4 ++--
 andes/routines/tds.py   |  3 ++-
 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/routines/base.py b/andes/routines/base.py
index c716417e9..e3e637186 100644
--- a/andes/routines/base.py
+++ b/andes/routines/base.py
@@ -7,9 +7,23 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 
-def check_conn(func):
+def check_conn_before_init(func):
     """
-    Wrapper function to check connectivity.
+    A decorator that ensures the connection is active before calling the `init` or `run`
+    method of a `BaseRoutine` derived class.
+
+    This decorator calls the `act` method on `self.system.conn` to ensure the connection
+    is active before proceeding with the initialization.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : function
+        The `init` method of a `BaseRoutine` derived class.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    function
+        The wrapped function with connection check.
     """
 
     def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/andes/routines/eig.py b/andes/routines/eig.py
index 94363688d..9f0b04787 100644
--- a/andes/routines/eig.py
+++ b/andes/routines/eig.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 from andes.io.txt import dump_data
 from andes.plot import set_latex, set_style
-from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine
+from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine, check_conn_before_init
 from andes.shared import div, matrix, plt, sparse, spdiag, spmatrix
 from andes.utils.misc import elapsed
 from andes.variables.report import report_info
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@ def _pre_check(self):
 
         return status
 
+    @check_conn_before_init
     def run(self, **kwargs):
         """
         Run small-signal stability analysis.
diff --git a/andes/routines/pflow.py b/andes/routines/pflow.py
index c85f7f23d..452da9133 100644
--- a/andes/routines/pflow.py
+++ b/andes/routines/pflow.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 from andes.utils.misc import elapsed
-from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine, check_conn
+from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine, check_conn_before_init
 from andes.variables.report import Report
 from andes.shared import np, matrix, sparse, newton_krylov
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
         self.x_sol = None
         self.y_sol = None
 
-    @check_conn
+    @check_conn_before_init
     def init(self):
         """
         Initialize variables for power flow.
diff --git a/andes/routines/tds.py b/andes/routines/tds.py
index d55da6f8c..06523c8a7 100644
--- a/andes/routines/tds.py
+++ b/andes/routines/tds.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import time
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
-from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine
+from andes.routines.base import BaseRoutine, check_conn_before_init
 from andes.routines.daeint import Trapezoid, method_map
 from andes.routines.criteria import deltadelta
 from andes.shared import matrix, np, pd, spdiag, tqdm, tqdm_nb
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
         self.method = Trapezoid()
         self.set_method(self.config.method)
 
+    @check_conn_before_init
     def init(self):
         """
         Initialize the status, storage and values for TDS.

From 9c8793928e14ab6ae469e1600b8ee66d6a2bff6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 09:57:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/27] Update connman logging messages

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 2cf2b70e3..8d7cbc339 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ def act(self):
 
         # --- action ---
         logger.warning('Entering connectivity update.')
+        logger.warning('-> System connectivity update results:')
 
         offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
         for grp_name, src_list in bus_deps.items():
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ def act(self):
 
             if len(devices_flat) > 0:
                 self.system.__dict__[grp_name].set(src='u', attr='v',
-                                                idx=devices_flat, value=0)
+                                                   idx=devices_flat, value=0)
                 logger.warning(f'In <{grp_name}>, turn off {devices_flat}')
 
         self.is_changed = False     # reset the action flag

From 64bbfc16c2aee7d4e332326f5f856e89c1cf4b4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 10:02:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/27] Update develoepr notes

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 8d7cbc339..cfc76fc45 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ def init(self):
         by default. This method records the initial bus connectivity.
         """
         self.busu0 = np.ones(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
-        # NOTE: 'on' means the bus is previous offline and now online
+        # NOTE: 'on' means th or 'off'e bus is previous offline and now online
         #       'off' means the bus is previous online and now offline
-        #       The bool value for each bus indicates if the bus is 'on' or 'off'
+        #       The bool value for each bus indicates if the bus is 'on'
         self.changes['on'] = np.zeros(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
         self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
 

From 972a7489123c4c5ae8066b75aa1807d266664530 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 10:03:37 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/27] Act connectivity manager in system.setup

---
 andes/system.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/andes/system.py b/andes/system.py
index 00682baac..b85c8a345 100644
--- a/andes/system.py
+++ b/andes/system.py
@@ -491,6 +491,8 @@ def setup(self):
 
         # init connectivity manager
         self.conn.init()
+        # act on connectivity changes
+        self.conn.act()
 
         if ret is True:
             self.is_setup = True  # set `is_setup` if no error occurred

From 6889afeaac0b4a44d3eb167889a4b33e2704b6ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 11:02:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/27] Update ConnMan logging messgaes

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index cfc76fc45..e95eb3f5f 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -110,9 +110,10 @@ def act(self):
 
         # --- action ---
         logger.warning('Entering connectivity update.')
-        logger.warning('-> System connectivity update results:')
-
         offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
+        logger.warning(f'Following bus(es) are turned off: {offbus_idx}')
+
+        logger.warning('-> System connectivity update results:')
         for grp_name, src_list in bus_deps.items():
             devices = []
             for src in src_list:

From 7b5c46aa3cde578c904b5d500618c6e5db03979f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 11:34:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/27] Rename ConnMan internal flag is_changed to is_off for
 clarification

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 16 +++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index e95eb3f5f..ef1ef104d 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def __init__(self, system=None):
         """
         self.system = system
         self.busu0 = None           # placeholder for Bus.u.v
-        self.is_changed = False     # flag to indicate if bus connectivity is changed
+        self.is_off = False         # flag to indicate if any bus is turned off
         self.changes = {'on': None, 'off': None}    # dict of bus connectivity changes
 
     def init(self):
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ def init(self):
         `ConnMan` is initialized in `System.setup()`, where all buses are considered online
         by default. This method records the initial bus connectivity.
         """
-        self.busu0 = np.ones(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
+        self.busu0 = np.ones(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=int)
         # NOTE: 'on' means th or 'off'e bus is previous offline and now online
         #       'off' means the bus is previous online and now offline
         #       The bool value for each bus indicates if the bus is 'on'
-        self.changes['on'] = np.zeros(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=bool)
-        self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
+        self.changes['on'] = np.zeros(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=int)
+        self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0).astype(int)
 
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
-            self.is_changed = True
+            self.is_off = True
         return self.changes
 
     def record(self):
@@ -91,10 +91,12 @@ def record(self):
         if np.any(self.changes['on']):
             onbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["on"])[0]]
             logger.warning(f'Bus turned on: {onbus_idx}')
+            logger.warning('Note that turning on bus(es) does not trigger connectivity update.')
 
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
             offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
             logger.warning(f'Bus turned off: {offbus_idx}')
+            self.is_off = True
 
         # update busu0
         self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u.v
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ def act(self):
         """
         Update the connectivity.
         """
-        if not self.is_changed:
+        if not self.is_off:
             logger.debug('Connectivity is not need to be updated.')
             return None
 
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ def act(self):
                                                    idx=devices_flat, value=0)
                 logger.warning(f'In <{grp_name}>, turn off {devices_flat}')
 
-        self.is_changed = False     # reset the action flag
+        self.is_off = False     # reset the action flag
 
         self.system.connectivity(info=True)
         return None

From a9abaab8c09a877144fb69c9f17098a2169c8513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 11:47:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/27] Rename ConnMan internal flag is_off to is_needed for
 clarification

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 26 +++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index ef1ef104d..c55e16190 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def __init__(self, system=None):
             System object to manage the connectivity.
         """
         self.system = system
-        self.busu0 = None           # placeholder for Bus.u.v
-        self.is_off = False         # flag to indicate if any bus is turned off
+        self.busu0 = None               # placeholder for Bus.u.v
+        self.is_needed = False          # flag to indicate if check is needed
         self.changes = {'on': None, 'off': None}    # dict of bus connectivity changes
 
     def init(self):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def init(self):
         self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0).astype(int)
 
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
-            self.is_off = True
+            self.is_needed = True
         return self.changes
 
     def record(self):
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def record(self):
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
             offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
             logger.warning(f'Bus turned off: {offbus_idx}')
-            self.is_off = True
+            self.is_needed = True
 
         # update busu0
         self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u.v
@@ -106,13 +106,18 @@ def act(self):
         """
         Update the connectivity.
         """
-        if not self.is_off:
-            logger.debug('Connectivity is not need to be updated.')
-            return None
+        if not self.is_needed:
+            logger.debug('No need to update connectivity.')
+            return True
 
         # --- action ---
-        logger.warning('Entering connectivity update.')
         offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
+
+        # skip if no bus is turned off
+        if len(offbus_idx) == 0:
+            return True
+
+        logger.warning('Entering connectivity update.')
         logger.warning(f'Following bus(es) are turned off: {offbus_idx}')
 
         logger.warning('-> System connectivity update results:')
@@ -133,7 +138,6 @@ def act(self):
                                                    idx=devices_flat, value=0)
                 logger.warning(f'In <{grp_name}>, turn off {devices_flat}')
 
-        self.is_off = False     # reset the action flag
-
+        self.is_needed = False     # reset the action flag
         self.system.connectivity(info=True)
-        return None
+        return True

From a671c62e5f123e9cd368c7ddf5458a81c3ef33bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:13:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/27] In ConnMan, act in init

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 5 ++++-
 andes/system.py       | 2 --
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index c55e16190..c3344314b 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ def init(self):
 
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
             self.is_needed = True
-        return self.changes
+
+        self.act()
+
+        return True
 
     def record(self):
         """
diff --git a/andes/system.py b/andes/system.py
index b85c8a345..00682baac 100644
--- a/andes/system.py
+++ b/andes/system.py
@@ -491,8 +491,6 @@ def setup(self):
 
         # init connectivity manager
         self.conn.init()
-        # act on connectivity changes
-        self.conn.act()
 
         if ret is True:
             self.is_setup = True  # set `is_setup` if no error occurred

From 321f6b3bdeed751463fb08aa4f2a94d606d3a00f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:14:29 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/27] Overwrite Bus methods set and alter for ConnMan logging

---
 andes/models/bus.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/andes/models/bus.py b/andes/models/bus.py
index 643d172f2..ae7633e84 100644
--- a/andes/models/bus.py
+++ b/andes/models/bus.py
@@ -124,3 +124,25 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
                        '(1-flat_start)*a0'
         self.v.v_str = 'flat_start*1 + ' \
                        '(1-flat_start)*v0'
+
+    def set(self, **kwargs):
+        super().set(**kwargs)
+        _conn_status(self, **kwargs)
+
+    def alter(self, **kwargs):
+        super().alter(**kwargs)
+        _conn_status(self, **kwargs)
+
+def _conn_status(self, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Helper function to determine if connectivity update is needed.
+    """
+    src = kwargs.get('src', None)
+    attr = kwargs.get('attr', None)
+    if src == 'u' and attr == 'v':
+        if self.system.is_setup:
+            self.system.conn.record()
+        if not self.system.TDS.initialized:
+            if self.system.PFlow.converged:
+                logger.warning('Bus connectivity is updated, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!')
+                self.system.PFlow.converged = False

From 9f2f00587c8c7c3cfcadf5ffc3a0579107276e20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:14:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/27] Add a demo notebook for ConnMan

---
 examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb | 745 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 745 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb

diff --git a/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb b/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20ce7c628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Connectivity Manager"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "In version 1.9.3, `ConnMan` is introduced to manage the bus related connectivity changes.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "It is an attribute `conn` of the `System` instance."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import andes"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "andes.config_logger(stream_level=20)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Scenario 1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "For buses that are turned off by case file, the connectivity is updated in the `System.setup()`.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "We can see that the connected devices to off-line buses are turned off."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Working directory: \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/examples/demonstration\"\n",
+      "> Loaded generated Python code in \"/Users/jinningwang/.andes/pycode\".\n",
+      "Generated code for <PQ> is stale.\n",
+      "Numerical code generation (rapid incremental mode) started...\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Generating code for 1 models on 12 processes.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Saved generated pycode to \"/Users/jinningwang/.andes/pycode\"\n",
+      "> Reloaded generated Python code of module \"pycode\".\n",
+      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.1041 seconds.\n",
+      "Parsing input file \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx\"...\n",
+      "Input file parsed in 0.1834 seconds.\n",
+      "Entering connectivity update.\n",
+      "Following bus(es) are turned off: [15]\n",
+      "-> System connectivity update results:\n",
+      "In <ACLine>, turn off ['Line_21']\n",
+      "In <StaticGen>, turn off [6]\n",
+      "In <StaticLoad>, turn off ['PQ_12']\n",
+      "In <StaticShunt>, turn off ['Shunt_3']\n",
+      "-> System connectivity check results:\n",
+      "  1 islanded bus detected.\n",
+      "  System is interconnected.\n",
+      "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
+      "System internal structure set up in 0.0192 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss = andes.load(andes.get_case('ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx'),\n",
+    "                setup=True, no_output=True, default_config=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "-> System connectivity check results:\n",
+      "  1 islanded bus detected.\n",
+      "  System is interconnected.\n",
+      "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "-> Power flow calculation\n",
+      "           Numba: Off\n",
+      "   Sparse solver: KLU\n",
+      " Solution method: NR method\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0031 seconds.\n",
+      "0: |F(x)| = 0.5605182134\n",
+      "1: |F(x)| = 0.006202200332\n",
+      "2: |F(x)| = 5.819382825e-06\n",
+      "3: |F(x)| = 6.964193111e-12\n",
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0029 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "_ = ss.PFlow.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "As expected, there is no power injection from the turned off devices.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Note: `Line.a1.e` is the active power injection at the from_bus (`bus1`)."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([0.])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Line.get(src='a1', attr='e', idx=['Line_21'])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([0.01])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# TODO: debug: the active output is not zero, which is not expected\n",
+    "ss.StaticGen.get(src='p', attr='v', idx=[6])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Similarly, `PQ.a.e` is the active power injection at the connected bus."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([0.])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.PQ.get(src='a', attr='e', idx=['PQ_12'])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0178 seconds.\n",
+      "Initialization was successful.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
+       "model_id": "8fb32cdaa5774e71851a0ab490bdbd7c",
+       "version_major": 2,
+       "version_minor": 0
+      },
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  0%|          | 0/100 [00:00<?, ?%/s]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2637 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.TDS.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Turned off devices will not inject power in TDS."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([0.])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Line.get(src='a1', attr='e', idx=['Line_21'])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Scenario 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "After running power flow, bus connection status are changed."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "We load a case but do not set it up."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Working directory: \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/examples/demonstration\"\n",
+      "> Reloaded generated Python code of module \"pycode\".\n",
+      "Generated code for <PQ> is stale.\n",
+      "Numerical code generation (rapid incremental mode) started...\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Generating code for 1 models on 12 processes.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Saved generated pycode to \"/Users/jinningwang/.andes/pycode\"\n",
+      "> Reloaded generated Python code of module \"pycode\".\n",
+      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.2173 seconds.\n",
+      "Parsing input file \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx\"...\n",
+      "Input file parsed in 0.0528 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss = andes.load(andes.get_case('ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx'),\n",
+    "                setup=False, no_output=True, default_config=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Turn on the bus manually."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "System internal structure set up in 0.0170 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.setup()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "-> System connectivity check results:\n",
+      "  No islanded bus detected.\n",
+      "  System is interconnected.\n",
+      "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "-> Power flow calculation\n",
+      "           Numba: Off\n",
+      "   Sparse solver: KLU\n",
+      " Solution method: NR method\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0028 seconds.\n",
+      "0: |F(x)| = 0.7800160444\n",
+      "1: |F(x)| = 0.03157368515\n",
+      "2: |F(x)| = 4.343734372e-05\n",
+      "3: |F(x)| = 8.270892304e-11\n",
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0027 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.PFlow.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Now, we change the bus parameters manually"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Bus.set(src='name', attr='v', idx=15, value='BUSTEST')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "This will not set the connectivity action flag."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "False"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.conn.is_needed"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "In contrast, if changes are made to src `u` and its attribute `v`, the connectivity action flag is set."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Bus turned off: [15]\n",
+      "Bus connectivity is updated, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=0)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.conn.is_needed"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Remember to run the `PFlow` again if updates are made to the bus online status."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "-> System connectivity check results:\n",
+      "  No islanded bus detected.\n",
+      "  System is interconnected.\n",
+      "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "-> Power flow calculation\n",
+      "           Numba: Off\n",
+      "   Sparse solver: KLU\n",
+      " Solution method: NR method\n",
+      "Entering connectivity update.\n",
+      "Following bus(es) are turned off: [15]\n",
+      "-> System connectivity update results:\n",
+      "In <ACLine>, turn off ['Line_21']\n",
+      "In <StaticGen>, turn off [6]\n",
+      "In <StaticLoad>, turn off ['PQ_12']\n",
+      "In <StaticShunt>, turn off ['Shunt_3']\n",
+      "-> System connectivity check results:\n",
+      "  1 islanded bus detected.\n",
+      "  System is interconnected.\n",
+      "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0032 seconds.\n",
+      "0: |F(x)| = 0.5605182134\n",
+      "1: |F(x)| = 0.006202200332\n",
+      "2: |F(x)| = 5.819382825e-06\n",
+      "3: |F(x)| = 6.964193111e-12\n",
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0026 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.PFlow.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0363 seconds.\n",
+      "Initialization was successful.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "-> Eigenvalue Analysis:\n",
+      "4 states are associated with zero time constants. \n",
+      "  Positive       0\n",
+      "  Zeros          1\n",
+      "  Negative      62\n",
+      "Eigenvalue analysis finished in 0.0016 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.EIG.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "\n",
+      "-> Time Domain Simulation Summary:\n",
+      "Sparse Solver: KLU\n",
+      "Simulation time: 0.0-20.0 s.\n",
+      "Fixed step size: h=33.33 ms. Shrink if not converged.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
+       "model_id": "aa6f49d483b047e9a1a648aa8413a6c3",
+       "version_major": 2,
+       "version_minor": 0
+      },
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  0%|          | 0/100 [00:00<?, ?%/s]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2496 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.TDS.run()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "> **NOTE:** Turn on a bus will not automatically turn on the connected devices."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Bus turned on: [15]\n",
+      "Note that turning on bus(es) does not trigger connectivity update.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
+       "model_id": "6e21b8c941fe484ea49e166f4fddaae3",
+       "version_major": 2,
+       "version_minor": 0
+      },
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  0%|          | 0/100 [00:00<?, ?%/s]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Simulation to t=30.00 sec completed in 0.1444 seconds.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 22,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "ss.TDS.config.tf = 30\n",
+    "ss.TDS.run()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "ams",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.10.0"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

From 449308282ed230f773440eb6633f8d1e47d0982c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:14:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/27] Update release notes

---
 docs/source/release-notes.rst | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/release-notes.rst b/docs/source/release-notes.rst
index 75602f755..86045aa95 100644
--- a/docs/source/release-notes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/release-notes.rst
@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ v1.9 Notes
 
 v1.9.3 (2024-04-XX)
 -------------------
+Development of connectivity manager `ConnMan`:
+
+- Add case `ieee14_conn.xlsx` for demonstration.
+- Add `ConnMan` class to manage connectivity.
+- Add `ConnMan` to `System` to as an attribute `conn`.
+- Add a demo notebook for `ConnMan`.
+
+Other changes:
+
 - In the ``dae`` module, change `self.t.itemset` to array assignment to ensure compatibility with NumPy 2.0.
 - Follow RTD's deprecation of Sphinx context injection at build time
 - In symbolic processor, most variables are assumed to be real, except some

From ebe331e8a0a6ba36db4b3404493e8cda989c1114 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:16:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/27] Format

---
 andes/models/bus.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/andes/models/bus.py b/andes/models/bus.py
index ae7633e84..32023c6d8 100644
--- a/andes/models/bus.py
+++ b/andes/models/bus.py
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ def alter(self, **kwargs):
         super().alter(**kwargs)
         _conn_status(self, **kwargs)
 
+
 def _conn_status(self, **kwargs):
     """
     Helper function to determine if connectivity update is needed.

From 04d689997ef3777661dc8b734dfaed0c39bcce57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 13:26:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/27] Typo

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index c3344314b..5afa8688c 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ class ConnMan:
         System object to manage the connectivity.
     busu0: ndarray
         Last recorded bus connection status.
-    is_changed: bool
-        Flag to indicate if bus connectivity is changed.
+    is_needed: bool
+        Flag to indicate if connectivity update is needed.
     changes: dict
         Dictionary to record bus connectivity changes ('on' and 'off').
     """

From 282d3a36c13dc1e45da4686ccf680036fff25936 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 14:38:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/27] Refactor Bus.set to fix parameters passing error

---
 andes/models/bus.py | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/models/bus.py b/andes/models/bus.py
index 32023c6d8..af6fde985 100644
--- a/andes/models/bus.py
+++ b/andes/models/bus.py
@@ -125,25 +125,31 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
         self.v.v_str = 'flat_start*1 + ' \
                        '(1-flat_start)*v0'
 
-    def set(self, **kwargs):
-        super().set(**kwargs)
-        _conn_status(self, **kwargs)
+    def set(self, src, idx, attr, value):
+        super().set(src=src, idx=idx, attr=attr, value=value)
+        _conn_status(system=self.system, src=src, attr=attr)
 
-    def alter(self, **kwargs):
-        super().alter(**kwargs)
-        _conn_status(self, **kwargs)
 
-
-def _conn_status(self, **kwargs):
+def _conn_status(system, src, attr):
     """
     Helper function to determine if connectivity update is needed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    system : System
+        The system object.
+    src : str
+        Name of the model property
+    attr : str
+        The internal attribute of the property to get.
     """
-    src = kwargs.get('src', None)
-    attr = kwargs.get('attr', None)
+    # Check if connectivity update is required
     if src == 'u' and attr == 'v':
-        if self.system.is_setup:
-            self.system.conn.record()
-        if not self.system.TDS.initialized:
-            if self.system.PFlow.converged:
-                logger.warning('Bus connectivity is updated, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!')
-                self.system.PFlow.converged = False
+        if system.is_setup:
+            system.conn.record()  # Record connectivity once setup is confirmed
+
+        if not system.TDS.initialized:
+            # Log a warning if Power Flow needs resolution before EIG or TDS
+            if system.PFlow.converged:
+                logger.warning('Bus connectivity is touched, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!')
+            system.PFlow.converged = False  # Flag Power Flow as not converged

From 887fff36c42924021f218eaeedbb60c0ba0d7513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 14:43:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/27] Update develoepr notes in ConnMan

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 5afa8688c..714a18857 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-# connectivity dependencies for each model
-# TODO: this is not an exhaustive list
-# TODO: DC Topologies are not included yet
+# connectivity dependencies of `Bus`
+# NOTE: only include PFlow models and measurements models
+# cause online status of dynamic models are expected to be handled by their
+# corresponding static models
+# TODO: DC Topologies are not included yet, `Node`, etc
 bus_deps = OrderedDict([
     ('ACLine', ['bus1', 'bus2']),
     ('ACShort', ['bus1', 'bus2']),

From 712bbc862d277bf2d5b243c8b0fa94ea43965e08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 14:43:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/27] Add tests for ConnMan

---
 tests/test_conn.py | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_conn.py

diff --git a/tests/test_conn.py b/tests/test_conn.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71297641d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_conn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import unittest
+
+import numpy as np
+
+import andes
+
+
+class TestConnMan(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test class `ConnMan`.
+    """
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self.ss = andes.load(andes.get_case("ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx"),
+                             setup=True, default_config=True, no_output=True,
+                             )
+
+    def test_conn_init(self):
+        """
+        Test `ConnMan` initialization.
+        """
+        # normally, flag `is_needed` should be False after successful init
+        self.assertFalse(self.ss.conn.is_needed)
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.ss.conn.busu0, np.ndarray)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.conn.busu0.shape, (self.ss.Bus.n,))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.ss.conn.changes, dict)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.conn.changes['on'].shape, (self.ss.Bus.n,))
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.conn.changes['off'].shape, (self.ss.Bus.n,))
+
+    def test_turn_off(self):
+        """
+        Test if connected devices are turned off.
+        """
+        # assert there is an offline bus
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.Bus.get(src='u', attr='v', idx=15), 0)
+
+        # assert connected devices are turned off
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.Line.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Line_21'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticGen.get(src='u', attr='v', idx=6), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticLoad.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='PQ_12'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticShunt.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Shunt_3'), 0)
+
+    def test_turn_on(self):
+        """
+        Test if connected devices are not turned on.
+        """
+        # turn on the bus
+        self.ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)
+
+        # assert flag `is_needed` is False, since only diff in `changes['off']` will trigger action
+        self.assertFalse(self.ss.conn.is_needed)
+
+        # assert connected devices are not turned on, since we don't turn on devices automatically
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.Line.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Line_21'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticGen.get(src='u', attr='v', idx=6), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticLoad.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='PQ_12'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticShunt.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Shunt_3'), 0)
+
+    def test_turn_off_after_setup(self):
+        """
+        Test if `ConnMan` works after solving PFlow.
+        """
+        ss = andes.load(andes.get_case('ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx'),
+                        setup=False, no_output=True, default_config=True)
+        ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)
+        ss.setup()
+
+        ss.PFlow.run()
+        self.assertTrue(ss.PFlow.converged)
+
+        # turn off a bus
+        ss.Bus.alter(src='u', idx=15, value=0)
+        # flag PFlow.converged should be reset as False by `Bus.set()`
+        self.assertFalse(ss.PFlow.converged)

From ff49d15303f2824663b3e890a58efa45bcdcff1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Nov 2024 11:10:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 24/27] Rename helper func _conn_status to _check_conn_status

---
 andes/models/bus.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/models/bus.py b/andes/models/bus.py
index af6fde985..063c299dd 100644
--- a/andes/models/bus.py
+++ b/andes/models/bus.py
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
 
     def set(self, src, idx, attr, value):
         super().set(src=src, idx=idx, attr=attr, value=value)
-        _conn_status(system=self.system, src=src, attr=attr)
+        _check_conn_status(system=self.system, src=src, attr=attr)
 
 
-def _conn_status(system, src, attr):
+def _check_conn_status(system, src, attr):
     """
     Helper function to determine if connectivity update is needed.
 

From 396cc35cc902386bff7c8d00ebc4f33727a1bf14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Nov 2024 12:10:03 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 25/27] Clarify scheme in docstring of class connman

---
 andes/core/connman.py | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 tests/test_conn.py    | 30 +++++++++++-------------------
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/andes/core/connman.py b/andes/core/connman.py
index 714a18857..d688b2d4d 100644
--- a/andes/core/connman.py
+++ b/andes/core/connman.py
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ class ConnMan:
     Define a Connectivity Manager class for System.
 
     Connectivity Manager is used to automatically **turn off**
-    attached devices when a `Bus` is turned off.
+    attached devices when a ``Bus`` is turned off **after** system
+    setup and **before** TDS initializtion.
 
     Attributes
     ----------
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ class ConnMan:
         Flag to indicate if connectivity update is needed.
     changes: dict
         Dictionary to record bus connectivity changes ('on' and 'off').
+        'on' means the bus is previous offline and now online.
+        'off' means the bus is previous online and now offline.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, system=None):
@@ -70,10 +73,8 @@ def init(self):
         `ConnMan` is initialized in `System.setup()`, where all buses are considered online
         by default. This method records the initial bus connectivity.
         """
+        # NOTE: here, we expect all buses are online before the system setup
         self.busu0 = np.ones(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=int)
-        # NOTE: 'on' means th or 'off'e bus is previous offline and now online
-        #       'off' means the bus is previous online and now offline
-        #       The bool value for each bus indicates if the bus is 'on'
         self.changes['on'] = np.zeros(self.system.Bus.n, dtype=int)
         self.changes['off'] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0).astype(int)
 
@@ -84,27 +85,34 @@ def init(self):
 
         return True
 
+    def _update(self):
+        """
+        Helper function for in-place update of bus connectivity.
+        """
+        self.changes['on'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 0, self.system.Bus.u.v == 1)
+        self.changes['off'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
+        self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u.v
+
     def record(self):
         """
         Record the bus connectivity in-place.
 
         This method should be called if `Bus.set()` or `Bus.alter()` is called.
         """
-        self.changes['on'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 0, self.system.Bus.u.v == 1)
-        self.changes['off'][...] = np.logical_and(self.busu0 == 1, self.system.Bus.u.v == 0)
+        self._update()
 
         if np.any(self.changes['on']):
             onbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["on"])[0]]
             logger.warning(f'Bus turned on: {onbus_idx}')
-            logger.warning('Note that turning on bus(es) does not trigger connectivity update.')
+            self.is_needed = True
+            if len(onbus_idx) > 0:
+                raise NotImplementedError('Turning on bus after system setup is not supported yet!')
 
         if np.any(self.changes['off']):
             offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
             logger.warning(f'Bus turned off: {offbus_idx}')
             self.is_needed = True
 
-        # update busu0
-        self.busu0[...] = self.system.Bus.u.v
         return self.changes
 
     def act(self):
@@ -115,6 +123,9 @@ def act(self):
             logger.debug('No need to update connectivity.')
             return True
 
+        if self.system.TDS.initialized:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Bus connectivity update during TDS is not supported yet!')
+
         # --- action ---
         offbus_idx = [self.system.Bus.idx.v[i] for i in np.nonzero(self.changes["off"])[0]]
 
@@ -143,6 +154,7 @@ def act(self):
                                                    idx=devices_flat, value=0)
                 logger.warning(f'In <{grp_name}>, turn off {devices_flat}')
 
-        self.is_needed = False     # reset the action flag
+        self.is_needed = False      # reset the action flag
+        self._update()              # update but not record
         self.system.connectivity(info=True)
         return True
diff --git a/tests/test_conn.py b/tests/test_conn.py
index 71297641d..1e5db8686 100644
--- a/tests/test_conn.py
+++ b/tests/test_conn.py
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ class TestConnMan(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Test class `ConnMan`.
     """
+
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         self.ss = andes.load(andes.get_case("ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx"),
-                             setup=True, default_config=True, no_output=True,
-                             )
+                             setup=True, default_config=True, no_output=True)
 
     def test_conn_init(self):
         """
@@ -41,23 +41,7 @@ def test_turn_off(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticLoad.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='PQ_12'), 0)
         self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticShunt.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Shunt_3'), 0)
 
-    def test_turn_on(self):
-        """
-        Test if connected devices are not turned on.
-        """
-        # turn on the bus
-        self.ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)
-
-        # assert flag `is_needed` is False, since only diff in `changes['off']` will trigger action
-        self.assertFalse(self.ss.conn.is_needed)
-
-        # assert connected devices are not turned on, since we don't turn on devices automatically
-        self.assertEqual(self.ss.Line.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Line_21'), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticGen.get(src='u', attr='v', idx=6), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticLoad.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='PQ_12'), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(self.ss.StaticShunt.get(src='u', attr='v', idx='Shunt_3'), 0)
-
-    def test_turn_off_after_setup(self):
+    def test_turn_off_after_pflow(self):
         """
         Test if `ConnMan` works after solving PFlow.
         """
@@ -73,3 +57,11 @@ def test_turn_off_after_setup(self):
         ss.Bus.alter(src='u', idx=15, value=0)
         # flag PFlow.converged should be reset as False by `Bus.set()`
         self.assertFalse(ss.PFlow.converged)
+        self.assertTrue(ss.conn.is_needed)
+
+    def test_turn_on_after_setup(self):
+        """
+        Test if raise NotImplementedError when turning on a bus after system setup.
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            self.ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)

From e522a8f94ea6b5c308b07db747d011a79b3a68f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Nov 2024 12:10:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 26/27] Rerun demo of ConnMan

---
 examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb | 156 +++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb b/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb
index 20ce7c628..7d59bf3cd 100644
--- a/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb
+++ b/examples/demonstration/ConnMan.ipynb
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@
      "text": [
       "Saved generated pycode to \"/Users/jinningwang/.andes/pycode\"\n",
       "> Reloaded generated Python code of module \"pycode\".\n",
-      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.1041 seconds.\n",
+      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.1019 seconds.\n",
       "Parsing input file \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx\"...\n",
-      "Input file parsed in 0.1834 seconds.\n",
+      "Input file parsed in 0.2000 seconds.\n",
       "Entering connectivity update.\n",
       "Following bus(es) are turned off: [15]\n",
       "-> System connectivity update results:\n",
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
       "  1 islanded bus detected.\n",
       "  System is interconnected.\n",
       "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
-      "System internal structure set up in 0.0192 seconds.\n"
+      "System internal structure set up in 0.0207 seconds.\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@
       "           Numba: Off\n",
       "   Sparse solver: KLU\n",
       " Solution method: NR method\n",
-      "Power flow initialized in 0.0031 seconds.\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0109 seconds.\n",
       "0: |F(x)| = 0.5605182134\n",
       "1: |F(x)| = 0.006202200332\n",
       "2: |F(x)| = 5.819382825e-06\n",
       "3: |F(x)| = 6.964193111e-12\n",
-      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0029 seconds.\n"
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0106 seconds.\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -156,6 +156,13 @@
     "ss.Line.get(src='a1', attr='e', idx=['Line_21'])"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "`PV.a.e` is the active power injection at the connected bus."
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 6,
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "array([0.01])"
+       "array([-0.])"
       ]
      },
      "execution_count": 6,
@@ -173,8 +180,7 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "# TODO: debug: the active output is not zero, which is not expected\n",
-    "ss.StaticGen.get(src='p', attr='v', idx=[6])"
+    "ss.PV.get(src='a', attr='e', idx=[6])"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -213,14 +219,14 @@
      "name": "stderr",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0178 seconds.\n",
+      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0181 seconds.\n",
       "Initialization was successful.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
      "data": {
       "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
-       "model_id": "8fb32cdaa5774e71851a0ab490bdbd7c",
+       "model_id": "d2b6e221b5034f9a914bd9fd1bbc5c70",
        "version_major": 2,
        "version_minor": 0
       },
@@ -235,7 +241,7 @@
      "name": "stderr",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2637 seconds.\n"
+      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2641 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -286,7 +292,7 @@
    "source": [
     "## Scenario 2\n",
     "\n",
-    "After running power flow, bus connection status are changed."
+    "Between successful PFlow solve and TDS initialization, turn off bus(es)."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -324,9 +330,9 @@
      "text": [
       "Saved generated pycode to \"/Users/jinningwang/.andes/pycode\"\n",
       "> Reloaded generated Python code of module \"pycode\".\n",
-      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.2173 seconds.\n",
+      "Generated numerical code for 1 models in 0.0971 seconds.\n",
       "Parsing input file \"/Users/jinningwang/work/andes/andes/cases/ieee14/ieee14_conn.xlsx\"...\n",
-      "Input file parsed in 0.0528 seconds.\n"
+      "Input file parsed in 0.0676 seconds.\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -339,7 +345,9 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "Turn on the bus manually."
+    "First, let's turn on the bus manually.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "> Note: it will ***not*** touch the connectivity manager to update bus online status before system setup."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -360,7 +368,7 @@
      "name": "stderr",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "System internal structure set up in 0.0170 seconds.\n"
+      "System internal structure set up in 0.0202 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -396,12 +404,12 @@
       "           Numba: Off\n",
       "   Sparse solver: KLU\n",
       " Solution method: NR method\n",
-      "Power flow initialized in 0.0028 seconds.\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0179 seconds.\n",
       "0: |F(x)| = 0.7800160444\n",
       "1: |F(x)| = 0.03157368515\n",
       "2: |F(x)| = 4.343734372e-05\n",
       "3: |F(x)| = 8.270892304e-11\n",
-      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0027 seconds.\n"
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0045 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -423,7 +431,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "Now, we change the bus parameters manually"
+    "Next, let's make a change on the parameter `Bus.name`."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -439,7 +447,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "This will not set the connectivity action flag."
+    "Such a change will not set the connectivity action flag."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -466,7 +474,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "In contrast, if changes are made to src `u` and its attribute `v`, the connectivity action flag is set."
+    "In contrast, if changes are made to `Bus.u.v`, the connectivity action flag is set."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -479,12 +487,31 @@
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
       "Bus turned off: [15]\n",
-      "Bus connectivity is updated, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!\n"
+      "Bus connectivity is touched, resolve PFlow before running EIG or TDS!\n"
      ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=0)"
+    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=0)\n",
+    "ss.conn.is_needed"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Remember to run the `PFlow` again if updates are made to the bus online status,\n",
+    "since this will reset the `PFlow` convergence flag."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -495,7 +522,7 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "True"
+       "False"
       ]
      },
      "execution_count": 17,
@@ -504,14 +531,7 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "ss.conn.is_needed"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "Remember to run the `PFlow` again if updates are made to the bus online status."
+    "ss.PFlow.converged"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -543,12 +563,12 @@
       "  1 islanded bus detected.\n",
       "  System is interconnected.\n",
       "  Each island has a slack bus correctly defined and enabled.\n",
-      "Power flow initialized in 0.0032 seconds.\n",
+      "Power flow initialized in 0.0051 seconds.\n",
       "0: |F(x)| = 0.5605182134\n",
       "1: |F(x)| = 0.006202200332\n",
       "2: |F(x)| = 5.819382825e-06\n",
       "3: |F(x)| = 6.964193111e-12\n",
-      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0026 seconds.\n"
+      "Converged in 4 iterations in 0.0096 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -575,7 +595,7 @@
      "name": "stderr",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0363 seconds.\n",
+      "Initialization for dynamics completed in 0.0208 seconds.\n",
       "Initialization was successful.\n",
       "\n",
       "-> Eigenvalue Analysis:\n",
@@ -583,7 +603,7 @@
       "  Positive       0\n",
       "  Zeros          1\n",
       "  Negative      62\n",
-      "Eigenvalue analysis finished in 0.0016 seconds.\n"
+      "Eigenvalue analysis finished in 0.0017 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -620,7 +640,7 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
-       "model_id": "aa6f49d483b047e9a1a648aa8413a6c3",
+       "model_id": "196c92bd10734959b35aa9a27743f2d0",
        "version_major": 2,
        "version_minor": 0
       },
@@ -635,7 +655,7 @@
      "name": "stderr",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2496 seconds.\n"
+      "Simulation to t=20.00 sec completed in 0.2661 seconds.\n"
      ]
     },
     {
@@ -661,63 +681,13 @@
    ]
   },
   {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 21,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stderr",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Bus turned on: [15]\n",
-      "Note that turning on bus(es) does not trigger connectivity update.\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "ss.Bus.set(src='u', attr='v', idx=15, value=1)"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 22,
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
-       "model_id": "6e21b8c941fe484ea49e166f4fddaae3",
-       "version_major": 2,
-       "version_minor": 0
-      },
-      "text/plain": [
-       "  0%|          | 0/100 [00:00<?, ?%/s]"
-      ]
-     },
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "display_data"
-    },
-    {
-     "name": "stderr",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Simulation to t=30.00 sec completed in 0.1444 seconds.\n"
-     ]
-    },
-    {
-     "data": {
-      "text/plain": [
-       "True"
-      ]
-     },
-     "execution_count": 22,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "output_type": "execute_result"
-    }
-   ],
    "source": [
-    "ss.TDS.config.tf = 30\n",
-    "ss.TDS.run()"
+    "There are two cases that are not supported yet:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1. It is not supported to turn on a bus after successfully setting up a system.\n",
+    "1. It is not supported to turn on or off a bus after TDS initialization."
    ]
   }
  ],

From 25318c6a506d9243d310b3985307939465f0cf3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jinningwang <jinninggm@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Nov 2024 12:15:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 27/27] Specify multiprocess version lower than 0.70.17 as it
 does not support Linux

---
 docs/source/release-notes.rst | 1 +
 requirements.txt              | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/source/release-notes.rst b/docs/source/release-notes.rst
index 86045aa95..64d2992a9 100644
--- a/docs/source/release-notes.rst
+++ b/docs/source/release-notes.rst
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Other changes:
 - Add parameter `allow_all=False` to `ModelData.find_idx()` `GroupBase.find_idx()` to allow searching all matches.
 - Add method `GroupBase.get_all_idxes()` to get all indices of a group.
 - Enhanced three-winding transformer parsing in PSS/E raw files by assigning the equivalent star bus `area`, `owner`, and `zone` using the high-voltage bus values.
+- Specify `multiprocess <=0.70.16` in requirements as 0.70.17 does not support Linux.
 
 v1.9.2 (2024-03-25)
 -------------------
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index b7f2ef4c5..e2474fd24 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ chardet
 psutil
 texttable
 numba
+multiprocess <=0.70.16