countries.txt

Afghanistan / Date of UN Membership: 1946 / Map Code: 2
2001: US-led invasion overthrows Taliban rule (which lasted from 1996-2001)


Albania / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 3
1991: Street protests and a general strike force Communist Cabinet of Albania to resign, marking an end to communist rule (which lasted from 1945-1991) and leading to free elections in 1992
1997: Italian-led Operation Alba helps put an end to rebellion fuelled by rampant financial fraud, marking an end to period of violent conflict (which lasted from January-August 1997)


Algeria / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 3
1989: Passage of new constitution ends socialist one-party rule (which lasted from 1976 to 1989)
1999: Civil Harmony Act (Loi de la Concorde Civile) is passed by referendum and precipitates a formal end to civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1992-1999) 


Andorra / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 0


Angola / Date of UN Membership: 1976 / Map Code: 1
2002: Luena Memorandum of Understanding ends the Angolan civil war (which lasted from 1975 to 2002)


Antigua and Barbuda / Date of UN Membership: 1981 / Map Code: 0


Argentina / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1946: Juan Perón is elected president, ending period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1943-1946)
1958: Arturo Frondizi is elected president, ending period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1955-1958)
1963: Arturo Illia is elected president, ending period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1962-1963)
1973: Héctor Cámpora is elected president, ending period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1966-1973) 
1983: Raúl Alfonsín is elected president, ending period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1976-1983)


Armenia / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2
1991: Armenia regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Australia / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

Austria / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 0


Azerbaijan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2
1991: Azerbaijan regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Bahamas / Date of UN Membership: 1973 / Map Code: 0

Bahrain / Date of UN Membership: 1971 / Map Code: 0

Bangladesh / Date of UN Membership: 1974 / Map Code: 3
1971: Pakistani Army surrenders to Indian Army in East Pakistan, resulting in the partitioning of Pakistan and the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War (which lasted from March-December 1971) 
1990: Protests force President Lieutenant Hussain Muhammad Ershad to resign, marking an end to his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1982-1990) and leading to multiparty elections in 1991


Barbados / Date of UN Membership: 1966 / Map Code: 0

Belarus / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1991: Belarus regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Belgium / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0


Belize / Date of UN Membership: 1981 / Map Code: 0

Benin / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 2
1990: Protests force Mathieu Kerekou to introduce democratic reforms, marking an end to one-party Marxist-Leninist rule (which lasted from 1975-1990) and leading to multiparty elections in 1991


Bhutan / Date of UN Membership: 1971 / Map Code: 2
2008: Multiparty parliamentary elections are held, marking an end to period of absolute monarchic rule (which lasted from 1907-2008) 


Bolivia (Plurinational State of) / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1952: Bolivian Revolution ousts military junta led by General Hugo Ballivián. Victor Paz Estenssoro, elected president in 1951 while in exile, assumes presidency, marking an end to period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1951-1952) 
1982: Protests pressure Bolivian Congress into revalidating the results of the annulled 1980 elections, bringing Hernan Siles Zuazo to the presidency and marking an end to period of military and civilian-military rule (which lasted from 1964-1982) 


Bosnia and Herzegovina / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 3
1992: Declaration of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (following long period of communist rule within the former Yugoslavia)
1995: Dayton Agreement is signed, ending the Bosnian war (which lasted from 1992-1995)

Botswana / Date of UN Membership: 1966 / Map Code: 0

Brazil / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1945: Military coup ends Estado Novo regime under Getúlio Vargas (which lasted from 1937-1945) 
1985: Civilian leader Tancredo Neves is elected president, marking an end to period of military rule (which lasted from 1964-1985) 

Brunei Darussalam / Date of UN Membership: 1984 / Map Code: 0

Bulgaria / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
1989: Internal party coup overthrows Todor Zhivkov, marking an end to his dictatorship (which lasted from 1954-1989) and leading to the introduction of a multiparty system in 1991

Burkina Faso / Date of UN Membership: 1960 (as Upper Volta) / Map Code: 2
1970: New constitution institutes transition to civilian rule, allowing a degree of democratic practice after a period of one-party rule (which lasted from 1960-1966) and military rule (which lasted from 1966-1970)
1978: Multi-party presidential elections are held, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1974-1978)
1992: First multi-party parliamentary elections since 1978 are held after period of successive military coups (which lasted from 1980-1987)
2015: Multi-party national elections are held after President Blaise Compaoré resigns under public pressure, ending his 27-year rule (which lasted from 1987-2014)


Burundi / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 3
1993: Melchior Ndadaye wins first multiparty elections, marking an end to series of military regimes (which lasted from 1966 to 1993) 
2006: Government signs ceasefire deal with the Forces for National Liberation, the last major rebel group, marking an end to civil war (which lasted from 1993 to 2006)


Cabo Verde / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 2
1990: First multi-party elections occur, ending period of one-party rule (which lasted from 1981 to 1990)


Cambodia / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 3
1975: Communist Khmer Rouge defeats Lon Nol's army and takes control of Phnom Penh, marking an end to civil war (which lasted from 1970 to 1975)
1991: UN-brokered Paris Peace Accords signed by Cambodian government and rebel chiefs, signifying the end of civil war (which lasted from 1979-1991) and providing for a new democratic constitution and elections marking the end to a period of undemocratic rule (which lasted from 1955-1991, and of which 1975-1979 under the Khmer Rouge was the most repressive period)


Cameroon / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 0

Canada / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

Central African Republic / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1979: Coup d'état supported by French military ends the 'Central African Empire', a monarchical one-party military regime (which lasted from 1976 to 1979)
1993: Military regime of General André Kolingba (which lasted from 1981 to 1993) ends and multi-party elections occur
2007: Birao Peace Agreement is signed, bringing formal end to civil war (which lasted from 2004 to 2007)
2013: Transitional governance established in midst of continuing conflict and negotiation, culminating in new constitution and elections in 2015


Chad / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1975: Coup d'état ends the Tombalbaye regime (which lasted from 1960-1975)
1979: Lagos Accord is signed by warring Chadian factions to establish the Transitional Government of National Unity, formally ending the civil war (which lasted from 1965-1979)
1982: Armed Forces of the North led by Hissène Habré bring end to civil war (which lasted from 1979-1982) 
1990: Coup d'état by Idriss Déby ends Hissène Habré dictatorship (which lasted from 1982-1990)
2002: Libya-brokered peace accord is signed by the Chadian government and the rebel Movement for Democracy and Justice, marking a formal but incomplete end to civil war (which lasted from 1998-2002) 
2010: Chad and Sudan sign peace accord, bringing a formal end to Chadian civil war (which lasted from 2005-2010): 


Chile / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1989: End of military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (which lasted from 1973 to 1989), resulting in holding of multi-party elections and restoration of civilian rule

China / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 1
1949: Mao Zedong declares the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the Nationalists retreat to Taiwan, marking an end to the civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party (which lasted intermittently from 1927-1949) 


Colombia / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 1
1958: Political elites enact the National Front power-sharing accord, leading to a reduction in violence and the eventual end of the period known as La Violencia (which lasted from 1948-1958)
1992: Government signs the last of a series of peace agreements with various guerrilla groups (negotiating nine accords in total over the period 1981-1992)


Comoros / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 2
1990: Said Mohamed Djohar wins first multiparty presidential elections following a period of semi-authoritarian rule marked by military coups (which lasted from 1975-1982) and one-party rule (which lasted from 1982-1990)
2001: Voters back a new constitution re-unifying the country’s three islands and leading to multiparty elections in 2002, ending a period of military rule (which lasted from 1999-2002)
2008: Overthrow of Major Mohamad Bacar (who refused to leave office at the end of his term in 2007) following seizure of Anjouan by Comoran troops and the African Union, leading to multiparty elections in 2008


Congo / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1991: National Conference produces agenda for transition to democracy, marking an end to one-party Marxist-Leninist state (which lasted from 1964-1991) and leading to multiparty elections in 1992
1999: Government and key rebel militias sign peace agreements, leading to the end of civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1997-1999)


Costa Rica / Date of UN Membership: 1945/ Map Code: 1
1948: Forces loyal to José Figueres defeat Communist-led guerrillas and Costa Rican Army forces, ending civil war (which lasted from March-April 1948)


Côte D’Ivoire / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1990: Opposition parties are legalised and multiparty elections are held, ending one-party system (which lasted from 1960-1990)
2007: Ouagadougou Peace Accord marks an end to civil war (which lasted from 2002-2007)
2011: Brief internal armed conflict (which lasted from 2010-2011) ousts repressive President Laurent Gbagbo and leads to fresh elections


Croatia / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 3
1991: Declaration of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (following long period of communist rule within the former Yugoslavia)
1995: Croatian military regains control of most of the country’s territory, marking the end of the Serb-Croat civil war (which lasted from 1991-1995) 
1999: President Franjo Tudjman dies, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1990-1999) 


Cuba / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 1
1959: Fidel Castro’s guerrilla army enters Havana, forcing Fulgencio Batista to flee and marking an end to the conflict between their respective forces (which lasted from 1953-1959) 


Cyprus / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 1
1974: United Nations peacekeeping force establishes buffer zone following the de facto partition of the island, resulting in a sharp reduction of violent conflict


Czech Republic / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 2
1989: Velvet Revolution ends communist rule over Czechoslovakia (which lasted from 1948-1989), leading to multiparty elections in Czechoslovakia in 1990
1993: Consensual breakup of Czechoslovakia


Democratic People’s Republic of Korea / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 0


Democratic Republic of the Congo / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
2002: Sun City Agreement is signed, leading to formal end of the Second Congo War (which lasted from 1998-2003) and to multiparty elections in 2006


Denmark / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0


Djibouti / Date of UN Membership: 1977 / Map Code: 1
1994: Agreement for Peace and National Reconciliation is signed, formally ending civil war (which lasted from 1991-1994)


Dominica / Date of UN Membership: 1978 / Map Code: 0


Dominican Republic / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1961: Rafael Trujillo is assassinated, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1930-1961) and leading to elections in 1963
1978: Antonio Guzman wins presidential elections, marking an end to Joaquín Balaguer’s authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1966-1978) 


Ecuador / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1947: Military ousts dictator José María Velasco Ibarra, leading to multiparty elections in 1948 and greater democratic practice 
1979: Military withdraws from power, ending period of its own rule (which lasted from 1972-1979) and allowing for the reinstatement of civilian rule


Egypt / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
2011: Popular revolution forces President Hosni Mubarak to resign, marking an end to his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1981-2011)


El Salvador / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1982: Constituent Assembly elections are held, marking a formal end to military rule (which lasted intermittently from 1931-1982)
1992: Chapultepec Peace Agreement is signed, ending civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1980-1991) and leading to multiparty elections in 1994


Equatorial Guinea / Date of UN Membership: 1968 / Map Code: 0

Eritrea / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 0

Estonia / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 2
1991: Estonia regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule 


Ethiopia / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1991: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front overthrows Derg communist regime and ends civil war (both of which lasted from 1974-1991)


Fiji / Date of UN Membership: 1970 / Map Code: 2
1992: First multiparty elections occur since 1987 military coups, bringing to power Maj. Gen. Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, the instigator of the coups
1997: Fiji’s parliament approves a new constitution, providing for a multiparty cabinet and leading to multiparty elections in 1999 that bring to power Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, Mahindra Chaudhry
2001: Multiparty elections bring to power Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 2000-2001)
2013: Government presents new constitution that leads to multiparty parliamentary elections in 2014, which are won by incumbent Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, who had gained power in a 2006 military coup

Finland / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 0

France / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0


Gabon / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 2
1990: Constitutional amendments introduce multiparty system, leading to presidential elections in 1993 and a national unity government in 1994, marking a temporary end to the single-party state (which officially lasted from 1968-1990)
2009: Omar Bongo dies, marking an end to his authoritarian regime (which lasted from 1967 to 2009) 


Gambia (Islamic Republic of the) / Date of UN Membership: 1965 / Map Code: 1
1981: Senegalese intervention ends internal armed conflict (which lasted from July-August 1981)


Georgia / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 3
1991: Georgia regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule
1993: Period of internal armed conflict (which lasted from 1991-1993) subsides, following the end of fighting in the breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and the end of an armed conflict between supporters of Zviad Gamsakhurdia (who was president from 1991-1992) and opposition forces
1994: Georgia and Abkhaz separatists agree to a ceasefire, and Russian peacekeeping forces enter, leading to a major reduction in violent conflict 
2003: Rose Revolution ousts semi-authoritarian leader Eduard Shevardnadze (who was president from 1995-2003), leading to new presidential and parliamentary elections in 2004
2008: A French-brokered ceasefire leads to a cessation of hostilities in the long-running conflict between Georgia and separatists in South Ossetia (which had escalated in 2008) 


Germany / Date of UN Membership: 1990 (as a reunified state) / Map Code: 2
1973: Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic join the UN separately
1989: Berlin wall falls, leading to the end of Communist rule in East Germany and the reunification of Germany in 1990 


Ghana / Date of UN Membership: 1957 / Map Code: 3
1969: Multiparty elections are held, ending military rule (which lasted from 1966-69)
1979: Multiparty elections are held, reinstating civilian rule after a period of successive military coups (which lasted from 1972-1979) 
1992: A new constitution is passed in a public referendum, leading to multiparty elections that end military rule (which lasted from 1981-1992)
1995: Government and non-governmental organisations facilitate the 1996 signing of the Kumasi Accord on Peace and Reconciliation between Ethnic Groups in the Northern Region of Ghana, leading to a sharp reduction in inter-ethnic violent conflict (the most violent period of which lasted from 1994-1995 and was colloquially known as the Guinea Fowl War)
2001: Jerry Rawlings cedes power to elected President John Kufuor, marking the first time a president and ruling party not linked to the military enter power since the 1992 transition out of military rule 


Greece / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1949: Government forces defeat Greek Communist Party forces, ending civil war (which lasted from 1944-1949) 
1974: Ruling military junta collapses, marking an end to period of military dictatorship (which lasted from 1967-1974)


Grenada / Date of UN Membership: 1974 / Map Code: 2
1979: Leader of Marxist-inspired New Jewel Movement, Maurice Bishop, overthrows authoritarian regime of Prime Minister Eric Gairy (who ruled from 1967-1979) in a revolutionary coup
1983: US invasion topples New Jewel Party government (which ruled from 1979 to 1983), leading to multiparty elections in 1984


Guatemala / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1985: Civilian Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo wins presidential elections, marking an end to period of military rule (which lasted from 1954-1985)
1996: Guatemalan government and Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity guerrillas sign comprehensive peace agreements, formally ending civil war (which lasted from 1960-1996)


Guinea / Date of UN Membership: 1958 / Map Code: 2
2010: Civilian Alpha Condé wins presidential elections, marking an end to period of authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1958-2010) 


Guinea Bissau / Date of UN Membership: 1974 / Map Code: 3
1991: Government announces start of constitutional transition process, leading to country’s first multiparty elections in 1994
1999: Ousting of President João Bernardo Vieira ends civil war (which lasted from 1998-1999)


Guyana / Date of UN Membership: 1966 / Map Code: 2
1992: First free and fair multiparty elections are held, ending the People’s National Congress’s semi-authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1964-1992) 


Haiti / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1946: Authoritarian president Elie Lescot (who ruled from 1941-46) is overthrown in a popular revolution, leading to increased democratic freedom during the initial years of Dumarsais Estimé’s rule
1990: Jean-Bertrand Aristide is elected president, marking an end to uninterrupted cycles of dictatorial, undemocratic and military regimes (which lasted from 1950-1986)
1994: Governor’s Island Agreement is signed and regime of General Raoul Cedras agrees to the end of military rule (which lasted from 1991-1994)
2006: First democratic elections are held since 2004 ouster of Jean-Bertrand Aristide (whose second term as president lasted from 2001-2004)


Honduras / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1982: Elected civilian leader Roberto Suazo Cordova assumes the presidency, marking an end to period of nearly uninterrupted military rule (which lasted from 1963 to 1982)
2009: Presidential elections are held months after a military coup ousts former President José Manuel Zelaya from government


Hungary / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
1989: Parliament passes legislation providing for multiparty system, marking an end to communist rule (which lasted from 1948-1989)


Iceland / Date of UN Membership: 1946 / Map Code: 0


India / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1977: End of extended period of emergency rule imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, leading to restoration of multiparty elections and greater democratic freedom


Indonesia / Date of UN Membership: 1950 / Map Code: 3
1998: President Suharto resigns, marking an end to his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1965-1999)
2001: Signing of the Malino Accord (and subsequent signing of Malino II peace agreement in 2002) leads to a reduction in violence in the conflict between Muslim and Christian communities in the Maluku Islands (the most violent period of which lasted from 1999-2001)
2005: Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) is signed, formally ending internal armed conflict with GAM rebels (which lasted from 1976-2005)

Iran (Islamic Republic of) / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1951: Mohammed Mossadegh becomes Iran’s first democratically elected prime minister


Iraq / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1970: Iraqi government and Kurdish parties agree to peace plan that grants Kurds more political and linguistic rights, halting period of Kurdish rebellion against Baghdad (which lasted intermittently from 1944-1970)
1975: Algiers Agreement between Iraq and Iran ends Iranian support to Iraqi Kurds, halting period of Kurdish rebellion against Baghdad (which lasted from 1971-1975)
1991: Iraqi forces crush Shiite rebellion in the south and Kurdish rebellion in the north, ending weeks of deadly conflict in both regions and provoking the creation of an internationally-run safe haven for the Kurds that led to the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from most of the Kurdish north
1998: US-brokered Washington Agreement formally ends the Iraqi Kurdish civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1994-1997)
2003: US-led invasion topples authoritarian leader Saddam Hussein, marking an end to the repressive one-party rule of the Baath Party (which lasted from 1968-2003)


Ireland / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 0

Israel / Date of UN Membership: 1949 / Map Code: 0

Italy / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
1946: Referendum is held and results in republican government replacing monarchic rule (which lasted from 1861-1946)

Jamaica / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 2
1977: End of extended period of emergency rule imposed by Prime Minister Michael Manley (which lasted from 1976-1977), which is followed by multiparty elections in 1980 


Japan / Date of UN Membership: 1956 / Map Code: 0


Jordan / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 3
1971: Jordanian forces defeat and expel Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) leadership and fighters, ending civil war known as Black September (which lasted from 1970-1971)
1989: Political liberalization process begins, involving first competitive (in 1989) and multiparty (in 1993) elections since 1956, the legalization of opposition parties (in 1992), and increased press freedom


Kazakhstan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2 
1991: Kazakhstan gains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Kenya / Date of UN Membership: 1963 / Map Code: 3
1991: Government repeals 1982 constitutional provision that made Kenya a one-party state, allowing for reinstatement of multi-party elections and degree of greater democratic freedom
2002: Opposition parties defeat Daniel arap Moi in elections, ending the Kenya African National Union’s semi-authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1963-2002)
2008: African Union mediation persuades opposition parties to sign National Accord committing to share power and end violence, marking an end period of internal conflict (which lasted from 2007-2008)


Kiribati / Date of UN Membership: 1999 / Map Code: 0


Kuwait / Date of UN Membership: 1963 / Map Code: 0

Kyrgyzstan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 3
1991: Kyrgyzstan gains independence, marking an end to Soviet rule
2005: The Tulip Revolution ousts authoritarian regime of President Askar Akayev (which lasted from 1990-2005) 
2010: In April, anti-government protests overthrow authoritarian regime of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev (which lasted from 2005-2010). In June, violent rioting subsides, marking an end to brief but violent ethnic conflict between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in Osh.


Lao People’s Democratic Republic / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 1
1975: Pro-communist Pathet Lao forces seize power, establishing the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and marking end of the Laotian Civil War (which lasted from 1953-1975)


Latvia / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 2
1991: Latvia regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule 


Lebanon / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1958: Installation of Fuad Chehab as president ends months-long sectarian conflict
1989: The Taif Agreement is signed, leading to eventual end of the Lebanese Civil War (which lasted from 1975-1990)
2005: The Cedar Revolution prompts withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon after 29-year occupation, leading to first democratic elections since 1976
2007: Lebanese Armed Forces defeat Fatah al-Islam in the Nahr al-Bared Palestinian refugee camp, ending months-long conflict


Lesotho / Date of UN Membership: 1966 / Map Code: 2
1993: Period of military rule (which lasted from 1986 to 1993) ends and new constitution is adopted 


Liberia / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1990: President Doe is executed by a splinter group of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, marking an end to his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1980-1990)
1996: Series of peace accords and enlargement of ECOMOG peacekeeping force leads to a reduction in violence, marking an end to the first phase of Liberian civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1989-1996)
2003: Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement marks an end to the second phase of the Liberian civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1999-2003)
2003: Charles Taylor resigns following national and international pressure, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1997-2003)


Libya / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
2011: Anti-government uprising and international intervention oust Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, ending his authoritarian regime (which lasted from 1969-2011)


Liechtenstein / Date of UN membership: 1990 / Map Code: 0


Lithuania / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 2
1991: Lithuania regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule 


Luxembourg / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

Madagascar / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 2
1993: Elections bring end President Didier Ratsiraka’s authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1975-1993) following adoption of 1992 constitution that introduced multiparty competition and strengthened civil liberties

Malawi / Date of UN Membership: 1964 / Map Code: 2
1993: Referendum ends authoritarian one-party rule of Hastings Banda (which lasted from 1970-1993)

Malaysia / Date of UN Membership: 1957 / Map Code: 3
1960: Emergency rule (which lasted from 1948-1960) is lifted 
1971: National state of emergency (which lasted from 1969-1971) is lifted
1989: “Agreement Between the Government of Malaysia and the Communist Party of Malaya to Terminate Hostilities” leads to disbanding and disarmament of insurgent Communist Party of Malaya, marking an end to post-colonial phase of conflict (which lasted intermittently from 1968-1989) 
1990: Peace accord between Clandestine Communist Organisation and Malaysia is signed, formally ending the communist insurgency in Sarawak (the most violent period of which lasted from 1963-1966)

Maldives / Date of UN Membership: 1965 / Map Code: 0


Mali / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1964: Government forces crush first Tuareg rebellion, marking an end to internal conflict (which lasted from 1962-1964)
1991: President Moussa Traoré is deposed in a coup, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1968 to 1991) and leading to multi-party elections in 1992. 
1992: The government and Tuareg rebel groups sign National Pact, promising demilitarisation and economic recovery of the north. This followed the 1991 signing of the Tamanrasset Accord by the government, the Azawad Popular Movement and the Arab Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA), which promised the rebels’ demobilisation and integration into Malian national forces as part of the settlement of the second phase of the northern Malian conflict (which started in 1990).
1995: The government, the Malian Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koy, and the Tuareg Front for the Liberation of Azawad sign the Bourem Accords. With the support of Algerian mediation, FIAA declares a ceasefire.
2006: The government and the Democratic Alliance for Change sign the Algiers Accords, promising regional investment and integration of rebels into Malian national forces
2015: The government and the Coordination of Movements for Azawad (an alliance of Tuareg and Arab-led rebels) sign Algerian-brokered Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in Mali, marking the end of armed conflict (which lasted from 2012 to 2015)


Malta / Date of UN Membership: 1964 / Map Code: 0

Marshall Islands / Date of UN Membership: 1991: Map Code 0:


Mauritania / Date of UN Membership: 1961 / Map Code: 2
2007: First competitive multi-party elections take place, marking a brief end to period of authoritarian and military rule (which lasted from 1984-2007)


Mauritius / Date of UN Membership: 1968 / Map Code: 0

Mexico / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1996: Mexican government and Zapatista Army of National Liberation sign San Andrés Accords, providing for increased rights and autonomy for indigenous people and formally ending conflict (which lasted from 1994 to 1996)
2000: The opposition National Action Party wins presidential elections, ending period of single-party dominance of Institutional Revolutionary Party (which lasted from 1929-2000) and intermittently authoritarian rule


Micronesia (Federated States of) / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 0


Monaco / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 0

Mongolia / Date of UN Membership: 1961 / Map Code: 2
1990: Popular protests force the politburo of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party to resign, leading to first open multiparty elections and ending era of communist one-party state (which lasted from 1921-1990)


Montenegro / Date of UN Membership: 2006 / Map Code: 3
2000: Public protests force Slobodan Milosevic out of power, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1989-2000) and culminating in UN membership as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
2006: Declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro following successful referendum (after having previously experienced civil war in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, and decades-long communist rule) 


Morocco / Date of UN Membership: 1956 / Map Code: 2
1999: King Mohamed VI assumes power after the death of his father Hassan II, and begins taking steps to deepen Morocco’s conversion into a constitutional monarchy 
2011: Following popular unrest, King Mohamed VI introduces new Constitution strengthening the elected executive and the judiciary, and recognising Berber as an official national language


Mozambique / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 3
1990: National Assembly approves constitutional amendments that establish a multi-party system, leading to first competitive elections in 1994
1992: General Peace Agreement for Mozambique formally ends civil war between Government and RENAMO rebels (which lasted from 1977-1992)


Myanmar Date of UN Membership: 1948 / Map Code: 3
1960: U Nu’s Clean AFPFL faction wins national elections, re-introducing civilian rule and ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1958-1960)
1989: Military regime signs ceasefire agreement with insurgent National Democratic Alliance Army, prompting a series of negotiated ceasefires with various other armed ethnic groups over several years
2010: Main military-backed party wins first controlled multiparty elections since 1990 and ruling junta announces the start of gradual transition from military to civilian rule, leading to end of period of direct military rule (which lasted from 1962-2011)
2015: Government signs Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement with eight major armed ethnic groups in an effort to end decades-long conflict


Namibia / Date of UN Membership: 1990 / Map Code: 3
1990: Independence from South African apartheid rule
1999: State forces defeat secessionist rebels in Caprivi Strip, ending intermittent internal conflict (the most violent period of which took place in August 1999)


Nauru / Date of UN Membership: 1999 / Map Code: 0


Nepal / Date of UN Membership 1955 / Map Code: 3
1955: Date of UN membership, which followed revolution that toppled Rana dynasty in 1951 and ended its autocratic rule (which lasted from 1846-1951)
1959: Nepali Congress Party wins first general elections, instituting BP Koirala as the country’s first elected prime minister  
1962: The Nepali Congress Party ends its armed campaign against the monarchy (which lasted from 1960-1962) 
1990: Public pressure forces the monarchy to establish multi-party constitution, ending era of autocratic rule under the party-less Panchayat system (which lasted from 1962-1990) 
2006: Public demonstrations pressure monarchy to reinstate parliament with a prime minister from the Nepali Congress Party. New government negotiates and signs Comprehensive Peace Agreement with the Communist Party of Nepal – Maoist (CPN-M), ending internal armed conflict (which lasted from 1996-2006)


Netherlands / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

New Zealand / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0


Nicaragua / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1979: Sandinista National Liberation Front-led insurrection overthrows Anastasio Somoza Debayle, ending his family’s dictatorship (which lasted from 1936-1979) and leading to freer and fairer multiparty elections in 1984
1990: Nicaraguan government and “Contra” rebels sign final peace accords, marking end of armed conflict (which lasted from 1981-1990)

Niger / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1991: Anti-regime demonstrations force General Ali Saibou to allow for multiparty elections, following end of era of single-party and military rule (which lasted from 1960 to 1991)
1995: Government and Tuareg rebels sign peace accord, ending conflict in northern Niger (the most violent period of which lasted from 1991-1995)  
1999: Military leader Ibrahim Baré Mainassa is killed in a counter coup by military officers who restore democratic elections, ending era of military rule (which lasted from 1996 to 1999)
2010: Voters approve a new constitution that limits presidential powers, allowing for a return to civilian rule after a military coup ousted the increasingly authoritarian President Mamadou Tandja (who was president from 1999-2010)


Nigeria / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1970: Biafran leader surrenders, leading to reintegration of Biafran regions and end of Biafran War (which lasted from 1967-1970)  
1979: General Olusegun Obasanjo implements a process of transition to civilian rule, eventually handing over power to democratically elected civilian President Shehu Shagari, ending era of military rule (which lasted from 1966-1979)  
1999: Olusegun Obasanjo wins elections and assumes head of a civilian government, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1983-1999)


Norway / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0


Oman / Date of UN Membership: 1971 / Map Code: 1
1976: End of armed conflict (which lasted from 1962-1976) between military forces and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman


Pakistan / Date of UN Membership: 1947 / Map Code: 3
1971: Pakistani Army surrenders to Indian Army in East Pakistan, resulting in the partitioning of Pakistan and end of conflict in East Pakistan (which lasted from March-December 1971). After the Pakistani Army’s defeat, military leader Yahya Khan cedes power to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who had won the most votes in West Pakistan in the 1970 general elections, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1958-1971) 
1977: General Zia ul-Haq releases Baloch and Pashtun leaders accused of having rebelled against the state, and suspends army operations in Balochistan, marking an end to period of conflict in Balochistan (the most violent period of which lasted from 1973-1977) 
1988: President Zia-ul-Haq dies in a plane crash, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1977 to 1988) and leading to the restoration of civilian rule under Benazir Bhutto
1996: Government forces severely weaken the Muhajir National Front (MQM), leading to a reduction in violence between the MQM and Pakistani security forces in Karachi (between whom the most violent period of conflict lasted from 1992-1996) 
2008: Asif Ali Zardari, widower of recently-assassinated Benazir Bhutto, is elected president, ending period of military rule under Pervez Musharraf (which lasted from 1999-2008)


Palau / Date of UN Membership: 1994 / Map Code: 0


Panama / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1989: End of military regime of Manuel Noriega (which lasted from 1983-1989 and which was preceded by military regime of General Omar Torrijos until his death in 1989) after defeat by US troops 


Papua New Guinea / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 1
2001: Government and Bougainville Revolutionary Army sign Bougainville Peace Agreement, formally ending the Bougainville civil war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1989-1997)


Paraguay / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1993: Civilian Juan Carlos Wasmosy wins presidential elections, ending era of military rule (the most repressive period of which lasted from 1954-1989, under the presidency of General Alfredo Stroessner)


Peru / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1956: Manuel Prado Ugarteche wins presidential elections, ending General Manuel Odría’s repressive military rule (which lasted from 1948-1956) 
1963: Fernando Belaúnde Terry wins presidential elections, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1962-1963)
1980: Fernando Belaúnde Terry for a second time wins presidential elections, ending General Juan Velasco Alvarado’s military rule (which lasted from 1968-1980)  
1999: State forces capture Shining Path rebel leader Óscar Ramírez Durand, hastening an end to the most violent period of armed conflict (which lasted from 1980-1999)
2000: Alberto Fujimori resigns as president and seeks asylum in Japan, ending his intermittently authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1990-2000)


Philippines / Date of UN membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3
1954: End of the Hukbalahap Rebellion (which lasted from 1942-1954)
1986: People Power Revolution forces Ferdinand Marcos into exile, ending 21 years of dictatorship
2014:  Signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro, ending the armed conflict with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (which lasted from 1978-2014)

Poland / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1989: Solidarity wins elections, marking an end to Communist rule (which lasted from 1947-1989)

Portugal / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
1974: Carnation Revolution ousts Estado Novo authoritarian regime (which lasted from 1933-1974)

Qatar / Date of UN Membership: 1971 / Map Code: 0

Republic of Korea / Date of UN Membership: 1991 / Map Code: 2
1987: End of period of authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1961-1987), culminating in a new constitution and the first direct presidential election since 1971 


Republic of Moldova / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2
1991: Moldova gains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Romania / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 2
1989: Revolution ousts Nicolae Ceaușescu, marking an end to Communist rule (which lasted from 1947 to 1989) and leading to multiparty elections in 1990


Russian Federation / Date of UN Membership: 1945 (as Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) / Map Code: 3
1991: Boris Yeltsin becomes Russia’s first popularly elected president, and Soviet Union is dissolved. Membership of the Soviet Union is continued by the Russian Federation with the support of the 11 member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
1996: Russia and Chechen rebel government reach a peace agreement, leading to a reduction in violence in the Russo-Chechen war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1994-1996)
2002: President Vladimir Putin declares the end of the Second Chechen War (the most violent period of which lasted from 1999-2002)


Rwanda / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 1
1994: Rwandan Patriotic Front overthrows Hutu regime, marking an end to the Rwandan genocide (which lasted from April-July 1994) and the preceding civil war (which formally lasted from 1990-1993)


Saint Kitts and Nevis / Date of UN Membership: 1983 / Map Code: 0


Saint Lucia / Date of UN Membership: 1979 / Map Code: 0


Saint Vincent and the Grenadines / Date of UN Membership: 1980 / Map Code 0:


Samoa / Date of UN Membership: 1976 / Map Code: 0


San Marino / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 0

Sao Tome and Principe / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 0

Saudi Arabia / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

Senegal / Date of UN Membership: 1969 / Map Code: 2
1970: Léopold Sédar Senghor revises the constitution to reinstitute the office of the prime minister, ushering in an era of political liberalisation
1981: Abou Diouf introduces an unlimited multiparty system, ending prior controls on  political participation (including single-party system from 1960-1974 and limited multi-party system from 1974-1981)
2000: Senegalese Democratic Party wins presidential elections, resulting in first transfer of power away from the Socialist Party since independence


Serbia / Date of UN Membership: 2006 / Map Code: 3
1999: NATO bombing campaign forces Milosevic to agree to withdraw Yugoslav forces from Kosovo, ending the Kosovo war (the most violent period of which lasted from 1998-1999)
2000: Public protests force Slobodan Milosevic out of power, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1989-2000) and culminating in UN membership as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 
2006: Serbia declares itself the successor state of the Union of Serbia and Montenegro following Montenegrin referendum to become an independent state 


Seychelles / Date of UN Membership: 1976 / Map Code: 2
1991: President René reinstates multiparty democracy following period of one-party rule (which began in 1978), leading to multiparty elections in 1993


Sierra Leone / Date of UN Membership: 1961 / Map Code: 3
1996: Multiparty system is reinstated, ending period of one-party rule (which formally lasted from 1978-1991) and military government (which lasted from 1992-1996) 
1999: Government and Revolutionary United Front sign Lomé Peace Agreement, putting in place a set of measures to bring an end to armed conflict 
2002: At a symbolic ceremony to burn thousands of weapons collected during disarmament, President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declares the end of the Sierra Leone conflict (which lasted from 1991-2002)
 
Singapore / Date of UN Membership: 1965 / Map Code: 0


Slovakia / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 2
1989: Velvet Revolution ends communist rule over Czechoslovakia (which lasted from 1948-1989), leading to multiparty elections in 1990
1993: Consensual breakup of Czechoslovakia


Slovenia / Date of UN Membership: 1992/ Map Code: 3
1991: Declaration of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (following brief armed conflict with the former Yugoslav federal army and prior period of communist rule within the former Yugoslavia)


Solomon Islands / Date of UN Membership: 1978 / Map Code: 1
2003: Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) intervenes to restore law and order at the request of the government of the Solomon Islands, marking an end to internal conflict commonly referred to as ‘the tensions’ (which lasted from 1998-2003) 


Somalia / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 0

South Africa / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 3

1994: First free and fair democratic elections are held, marking an end to apartheid (which lasted from 1948-1994 and involved periods of armed conflict between the government and the African National Congress, among others). 


South Sudan / Date of UN Membership: 2011 / Map Code: 3
2005: Sudanese central government and Sudan People's Liberation Army sign Comprehensive Peace Agreement, marking an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War (which lasted from 1983-2005) 
2011: South Sudan gains independence from Sudan following a referendum 


Spain / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 3
1975: General Francisco Franco dies, ending period of authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1936-1975) and leading to a transition to democracy
2011: Basque Fatherland and Freedom (ETA) declares the definitive close of its armed separatist campaign, marking an end to internal armed conflict (which lasted from 1959-2011)


Sri Lanka / Date of UN Membership: 1955 / Map Code: 3
1971: Military defeats Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) communist fighters, marking an end to the first Insurrection (which lasted from April to June 1971)
1989: Military defeats JVP, marking an end to the second Insurrection (which lasted from 1987–1989)
2009: Military defeats the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), marking an end to the Sri Lankan Civil War (which lasted from 1983-2009)
2015: Semi-authoritarian government of President Rajapaksa is defeated in presidential and parliamentary elections

Sudan / Date of UN Membership: 1956 / Map Code: 3
1964: Civilian demonstrations force Lt. General Ibrahim Abboud to resign, leading to reinstatement of civilian rule and end of period of military rule (which lasted from 1958-1964) 
1972: Sudanese central government and South Sudanese regional government sign Addis Ababa Agreement on the Problem of South Sudan, marking an end to First Sudanese Civil War (which lasted from 1955 to 1972)
1986: Sadiq al-Mahdi is elected prime minister, restoring civilian rule and ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1969-1986) 
2005: Sudanese central government and Sudan People's Liberation Army sign Comprehensive Peace Agreement, marking an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War (which lasted from 1983-2005)


Suriname / Date of UN Membership: 1975 / Map Code: 3
1988: Ramsewak Shankar is elected president, ending period of effective military rule (which lasted from 1980-1988)
1991: Ronald Venetiaan is elected president, ending period of military control over the government (which lasted from 1990-1991)
1992: Government and Maroon chiefs sign peace agreement, ending civil war (which lasted from 1986-1992)

Swaziland / Date of UN Membership: 1968 / Map Code: 0

Sweden / Date of UN Membership: 1946 / Map Code: 0


Switzerland / Date of UN Membership: 2002 / Map Code: 0


Syrian Arab Republic / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 1
1982: Government forces crush anti-government uprising in Hama, marking an end to period of armed conflict between supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood and the regime (which lasted from 1979-1982)


Tajikistan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 3
1991: Tajikistan gains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule
1997: Series of peace agreements signed between the government and the United Tajik Opposition, ending the civil war (which lasted from 1992-1997)


Thailand / Date of UN Membership: 1946 / Map Code: 2
1973: In response to student protests against the military government, King Bhumibol Adulyadej intervenes and restores civilian government, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1948-1973) 
1979: Parliamentary elections are reinstated, introducing limited democracy and marking an end to period of military rule without free elections (which lasted from 1976-1979)
1992: In response to Black May, in which the military government violently repressed opposition protestors, King Bhumibol Adulyadej intervenes to reinstate civilian rule, ending period of military rule (which lasted from 1991-1992)
2007: New constitution is approved, marking a return to parliamentary rule and end to period of military rule (which lasted from 2006-2007)


The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia / Date of UN Membership: 1993 / Map Code: 3
1991: Declaration of independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (following long period of communist rule within the former Yugoslavia)
2001: Ohrid Agreement marks end of internal conflict (which lasted from January-November 2001) between the Government and the National Liberation Army (UÇK)


Timor-Leste / Date of UN Membership: 2002 / Map Code: 0
1999: Independence from Indonesia following referendum


Togo / Date of UN Membership: 1960 / Map Code: 3
1992: Gnassingbé Eyadéma and Joseph Kokou Koffigoh form government of national unity, marking an end to violent conflict between pro-Eyadéma military faction and supporters of Koffigoh’s transitional government (which lasted from 1991-1992) 
2007: First relatively free and fair parliamentary elections are held, marking end to era of effective single-party control  (which lasted from 1961-2007)

Tonga / Date of UN Membership: 1999 / Map Code: 0

Trinidad and Tobago / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 0


Tunisia / Date of UN Membership: 1956 / Map Code: 2
2011: “Jasmine Revolution” ousts Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, ending his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1987-2011) and era of de facto one-party rule (which began in 1956)


Turkey / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1945: End of one-party state (which lasted from 1925-1945, with a brief interruption in 1930)
1950: First multi-party general elections are held
1961: General elections are held, reinstating civilian rule after a period of military rule (which lasted from 1960-61)
1973: General elections are held, reinstating electoral democracy after a period of military rule (which lasted from 1971-73)
1983: General elections are held, reinstating civilian rule after a period of military rule (which lasted from 1980 to 1983) 
1999: First general elections are held since the military unseated civilian Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan in 1997 


Turkmenistan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2 
1991: Turkmenistan gains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Tuvalu / Date of UN Membership: 2000 / Map Code: 0


Uganda / Date of UN Membership: 1962 / Map Code: 3
1966: Milton Obote’s forces suppress rebellion by former President Mutesa, ending brief conflict (which lasted from March-May 1966) 
1986: National Resistance Army leader Yoweri Museveni seizes power, ushering in period of relative peace and stability and marking end to period of repressive authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1961-1985), military government (which lasted from 1985-1986) and the Ugandan Bush War (which lasted from 1981-1986)
2005: Referendum reinstates multi-party system, ending period of “Movement” (no party) system (which lasted from 1986-2005)
2006: Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) leader Joseph Kony orders LRA to withdraw from northern Uganda, and government and LRA commence peace talks in Juba which leads to reduction in LRA-related violence in northern Uganda (the most violent period of which lasted from 1988-2006)

Ukraine / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1991: Ukraine regains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule 
2005: Orange Revolution succeeds in annulling results of disputed 2004 elections, marking an end to Leonid Kuchma’s semi-authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1994-2005) 
2014: Euromaidan Revolution ousts President Viktor Yanukovych, marking an end to his semi-authoritarian rule (which lasted from 2010-2014)


United Arab Emirates / Date of UN Membership: 1971 / Map Code: 0

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 1
1998: Good Friday Agreement marks end of armed conflict in Northern Ireland (which lasted from 1968-1998)


United Republic of Tanzania / Date of UN Membership: 1961 / Map Code: 2
1992: Government introduces a multiparty system, ending period of one-party rule (which lasted from 1961-1992)


United States of America / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 0

Uruguay / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1985: Army and political leaders negotiate the restoration of democratic rule, marking the end of period of military rule (which lasted from 1973-1985)


Uzbekistan / Date of UN Membership: 1992 / Map Code: 2
1991: Uzbekistan gains independence, marking an end to decades-long Soviet rule


Vanuatu / Date of UN Membership: 1981 / Map Code: 0

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of / Date of UN Membership: 1945 / Map Code: 2
1945: Civil-military coup deposes authoritarian regime of President Isaías Medina Angarita (which lasted from 1941-1945), leading to first democratic elections in 1946
1958: Civil-military coup overthrows Marcos Pérez Jiménez, ending period of authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1948-1958)


Viet Nam / Date of UN Membership: 1977 / Map Code: 2
1975: Viet Cong captures Saigon, marking an end to the Vietnam War (which lasted from 1955 to 1975, and which as of 1965 became a mix of internal and interstate armed conflict) 
 
Yemen / Date of UN Membership: 1990 (as unified Yemen) / Map Code: 3
1990: North and South Yemen unify leading to new constitution in 1991 that enshrines basic democratic freedoms
1994: North Yemeni forces march onto Aden, causing South Yemeni forces to flee and marking end to civil war (which lasted from April-July 1994)
2012: Anti-government protests force President Ali Abdullah Saleh to step down, marking an end to his authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1990-2012)


Zambia / Date of UN Membership: 1964 / Map Code: 2
1991: Frederick Chiluba wins first multiparty elections since independence, ending Kenneth Kaunda’s intermittently authoritarian rule (which lasted from 1964-1991)


Zimbabwe / Date of UN Membership: 1980 / Map Code: 3
1987: Unity Accord is signed between ZAPU and ZANU nationalist movements, marking an end to violent conflict (the most intensive parts of which lasted from 1983-1987)
2008: ZANU-PF and the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) sign the Global Political Agreement, leading to the formation of a national unity government in 2009